Is Memory Foam Toxic and Is It Safe to Use in Mattresses?

Ah, memory foam. That magical material that cradles your weary body after a long day and promises a restful night's sleep.

But as you lay your head down, a nagging question arises…is memory foam toxic?

As an eco-friendly consumer (and seasoned sleep product tester), I couldn't help but wonder about the potential health risks and environmental impacts of memory foam mattresses and pillows.

So, I embarked on a journey to unravel the truth about memory foam.

What I discovered might just surprise you!

The Making of Memory Foam: A Chemical Romance

Memory foam is a flexible polyurethane foam, first developed in 1966 by aeronautical engineer Charles Yost on behalf of NASA (who was looking for a cushioning material to protect astronauts during takeoff and landing).

The result was a unique polyurethane foam that could mold to the body's shape, providing unparalleled support and comfort.

Today, memory foam is used in countless products, from mattresses and pillows to shoe insoles and pet beds. But what goes into making it?

Well, it all starts with a chemical reaction. The primary ingredients are polyols (a type of alcohol) and diisocyanates (an organic compound).

When these two substances mix, they create a foam that hardens and sets, forming the familiar memory foam structure.

Along the way, various additives and flame retardants (more on this later) may be introduced to enhance the foam's performance and meet safety standards.

The Dark Side of Memory Foam: Off-Gassing

The chemical makeup of memory foam has raised some eyebrows over the years, mainly due to a process called off-gassing.

Off-gassing occurs when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released from the foam into the air, sometimes causing a distinct odor.

You know that new memory foam smell? That's off-gassing in action!

While most VOCs dissipate within a few days or weeks, some may linger and cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals for months or even years.

Toxic Chemicals: A Closer Look at Memory Foam Concerns

There are many toxic chemicals to be wary of when it comes to memory foam.

Let's dive into the details of some of these potential troublemakers:

• Methylbenzene: Also known as toluene, methylbenzene is a solvent used to produce polyurethane foam. While it's handy for breaking down other chemicals, exposure to high levels of toluene can cause headaches, dizziness, and even damage to your nervous system.
• Formaldehyde: This infamous chemical is a byproduct of the foam-making process. Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen that can cause respiratory issues and skin irritation and worsen asthma symptoms.
• Methylene Dianiline (MDA): MDA is another ingredient in the polyurethane foam recipe. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) says it's a suspected carcinogen and can cause liver damage if ingested or absorbed through your skin.
• Methylene Chloride: A volatile solvent used in foam production. Exposure to methylene chloride can cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Animal studies indicate that long-term exposure to methylene chloride may lead to liver and lung damage.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Once a common component in foam production, CFCs have been largely phased out due to their harmful effects on the ozone layer. However, some older memory foam products may still contain these pesky pollutants.
• Acetone: You might recognize this one from your nail polish remover. Acetone is a solvent used in foam production that can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation and potential nervous system damage when inhaled in large quantities over a long time.
• Dimethylformamide (DMF): DMF is another solvent used in the foam-making process. Prolonged exposure can cause dizziness, headaches, and vomiting.

An Even Deeper Dive Into Flame Retardants

Flame retardants are added to memory foam products to meet federal flammability standards and protect you from the risk of fire-related accidents.

While their intentions are noble, some flame retardants have raised concerns due to their potential impact on health and the environment.

The types of flame retardants often found  in memory foam include:

• Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs): Once a popular choice, PBDEs have been phased out in the US due to their potential health risks and neurological effects. Most memory foam products on the market today are PBDE-free.
• Chlorinated Tris (TDCPP): This flame retardant has been classified as a possible human carcinogen and has been linked to endocrine disruption.
• Organophosphates: These compounds are commonly used as alternatives to PBDEs and TDCPP. While they're considered safer, it's still crucial to keep an eye out for products with low emissions and good eco-credentials.
• Fiberglass: A fiberglass flame retardant layer is added to some memory foam products. It can irritate your skin, eyes, nose, and throat.
• Natural Flame Barriers: Some memory foam manufacturers opt for safer alternatives, such as a natural wool layer.

Navigating the world of flame retardants can feel like walking through a minefield.

But worry not! Here are some tips to help you avoid potential hazards and find a safe memory foam mattress, pillow, topper, etc.

• Look for eco certifications: More on this later.
• Ask the manufacturer: Don't hesitate to contact manufacturers and inquire about the flame retardants used in their products.
• Research and read reviews: Reading reviews and researching products can help you make informed decisions and avoid any flame-retardant pitfalls. Or, get in touch, and I'll do the research for you.

Certifications Can Help Minimize Your Exposure to Toxins

Buying memory foam products with recognized and trusted green certifications can help you avoid greenwashing and get a genuinely non-toxic product.

CertiPUR-US

• Purpose: CertiPUR-US is a popular certification that ensures the polyurethane foam used in memory foam products is made without ozone depleters, heavy metals, formaldehyde, and other harmful substances.
• Criteria & Process: Manufacturers must submit their products to independent labs for rigorous testing to earn this certification. The foam must meet strict emissions, content, and durability standards.
• Drawbacks: It's important to note that CertiPUR-US only covers the foam itself, not the entire product. So, keep an eye out for other certifications that cover any other applicable parts of your memory foam product.
• Additional Benefits: CertiPUR-US certified foam is also designed to have low VOC emissions, which means better indoor air quality for you and your family.

OEKO-TEX Standard 100

• Purpose: OEKO-TEX Standard 100 is an international certification focusing on textile safety. It ensures that all components of a textile product, including memory foam sleep products, are free from harmful chemicals and substances.
• Criteria & Process: Products are tested for over 100 potentially harmful substances, such as allergenic dyes, pesticides, and heavy metals. The certification process involves annual audits and random product checks.
• Drawbacks: While OEKO-TEX Standard 100 covers a broad range of materials, it doesn't specifically address environmental or social responsibility aspects of production.
• Additional Benefits: This certification is versatile, extending beyond memory foam to include textiles like mattress covers and bedding, ensuring your entire sleep environment is safe and sound.

Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS)

• Purpose: GOTS is an internationally recognized certification focusing on organic fibers, including those used in memory foam products. It ensures these fibers are produced using eco-friendly methods and meets strict social criteria.
• Criteria & Process: To earn GOTS certification, a product must contain at least 70% organic fibers and adhere to stringent environmental and social standards throughout production, from harvesting to manufacturing and labeling.
• Drawbacks: GOTS certification mainly applies to textiles and fabrics, not the foam itself. So, pairing this certification with others focusing on foam safety and production is crucial.
• Additional Benefits: GOTS-certified products support sustainable and ethical practices, contributing to a healthier planet and happier communities.

GreenGuard and GreenGuard Gold

• Purpose: GreenGuard certifications focus on indoor air quality, ensuring that products, including memory foam, emit low levels of VOCs and other harmful chemicals.
• Criteria & Process: Products must undergo rigorous testing in environmental chambers to measure their chemical emissions. GreenGuard Gold has even stricter emission limits, making it ideal for sensitive environments like healthcare facilities.
• Drawbacks: While these certifications address indoor air quality, they don't necessarily cover the full scope of eco-friendliness or the social aspects of production.
• Additional Benefits: GreenGuard certifications can help create healthier indoor environments, reducing the risk of respiratory issues and promoting overall well-being.

By understanding these certifications and what they mean for memory foam products, you'll be well-equipped to make informed shopping decisions.

Other Ways to Minimize Your Exposure to Toxins

Air It Out

If your new memory foam product has a strong odor, let it air in a well-ventilated area for at least 24-48 hours before use.

My how to speed up mattress off-gassing article contains some handy tips on this subject.

Choose an Organic Mattress

If like me you are genuinely concerned about the health effects of synthetic memory foam, then the best way to guarantee you avoid it is to buy a certified organic mattress. They are non-toxic, free of chemicals or female retardants, and made from only natural materials.

They're also more affordable than most people think.

Weighing the Pros and Cons: Is Memory Foam Worth the Risk?

Not all memory foam is created equal.

Some manufacturers use eco-friendly methods and materials, while others prioritize cost-cutting and convenience.

As an eco-conscious consumer, weighing the pros and cons of using memory foam products before deciding which one to buy is crucial.

Pros

• Excellent comfort and support for a good night's sleep
• Pressure point relief (beneficial for those with joint pain or injuries)
• Hypoallergenic and dust mite resistant
• Customized contouring that adapts to your body's unique shape
• Reduced motion transfer (perfect for light sleepers sharing a bed)
• Durable and long-lasting, which means fewer replacements over time
• Range of firmness options to suit individual preferences
• Temperature-sensitive materials that can help regulate body heat

Cons

• Off-gassing and potential exposure to harmful chemicals
• Allergic reactions if you're chemically sensitive
• Non-biodegradable, contributing to landfill waste
• Potential for heat retention (causing discomfort for hot sleepers)
• Heavier and more challenging to move than some traditional innerspring mattresses
• Can be more expensive than other types of mattresses
• May require a compatible foundation to maintain warranty coverage

Frequently Asked Questions

What blowing agents are used in the production of a memory foam mattress?

Most reputable mattress companies use water as a blowing agent to aid the chemical reaction that creates the foam. This is less toxic compared to traditional chemical-based blowing agents.

Are old memory foam mattresses safe to sleep on?

An old memory foam mattress is less likely to off-gas than a new one straight out of the box.

Who will benefit the most from sleeping on a memory foam mattress?

Memory foam mattresses are ideal for people with joint pain or chronic back issues. The contouring properties of memory foam provide superior pressure point relief, which helps reduce discomfort and promote a better quality of sleep. It's also great for light sleepers who share a bed because it reduces motion transfer.

How long does a latex foam mattress take to off-gas potentially harmful chemicals?

It can take anywhere from a few days to several months for a foam mattress to off-gas. The best way to reduce exposure is to air it out before use and follow proper care instructions. This will ensure you sleep on the safest and most comfortable mattress possible.

Do I need to wait 24 hours for a memory foam mattress to expand?

Some memory foam mattresses need 24 hours to expand fully, but most will be done much quicker. Check the instructions that come with your new mattress for clarification. It's important to follow the correct steps so that your mattress can provide you with the support and comfort you need.

When did the first memory foam mattress go on sale?

The company that later became Tempur-Pedic launched the first memory foam mattress in 1991.

What is the difference between memory foam and Tempur-Pedic?

Tempur-pedic mattresses differ from most memory foam mattresses as they are made of denser TEMPUR material, providing additional support.

The Final Word

When choosing memory foam sleep products, there are many factors to consider.

While they may offer high levels of comfort and support for a good night's sleep, they may also expose you to off-gassing chemicals.

To minimize your exposure, look for certifications ensuring the product is free from toxins while providing superior comfort and quality.

Additionally, air out new products before use or try one of the eco-friendly alternatives mentioned in this article.

Ultimately, if you weigh all the pros and cons carefully when making your decision about memory foam, you should be able to find an option that works best for your health, budget, and lifestyle needs.

Get In Touch

Do you use a memory foam bed and pillows? Or are you organic and non-toxic all the way? Drop me a line and let me know.