What Is Organic Wool - Is It Really Ethical and Sustainable?

Organic wool is a sustainable and ethical wool produced under strict environmental and animal welfare guidelines, certified by trusted third parties such as GOTS. It offers benefits that many people are unaware of.

Conventional wool production can involve harmful pesticides and raise ethical concerns. Organic wool challenges these norms, offering a greener and kinder alternative.

With years of hands-on experience in testing and reviewing products made from sustainable materials, I've researched (and seen firsthand) the benefits of this eco-friendly material.

Read on to uncover the surprising truths that will change the way you think about wool products forever...

What's the Difference Between Regular and Organic Wool?

Organic wool production prohibits synthetic chemicals and requires higher animal welfare standards, while conventional wool production allows synthetic inputs and industrial farming methods.

GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) and RWS (Responsible Wool Standard) are the main certifications for organic wool. Both require that wool be sourced from farms that adhere to a holistic system of agriculture, protecting both animal welfare and environmental sustainability.

The following table summarizes the key differences between the two types of wool.

The key differences show organic wool requires 100% organic feed, prohibits all synthetic chemicals, and mandates year-round outdoor access, while conventional wool has no such restrictions.

How Is Organic Wool Made?

Organic wool is made through a strictly regulated process that differs significantly from conventional wool production.

The initial farm production requirements are as follows.

1. Feed management: Sheep must receive 100% certified organic feed and forage from the last third of gestation onwards, with no synthetic supplements permitted.
2. Pasture requirements: Sheep must obtain a minimum of 30% of their dry matter intake from organic pastures for at least 120 days annually.
3. Chemical restrictions: Synthetic pesticides, parasiticides (sheep dipping chemicals), hormones, and genetically engineered materials are completely prohibited.
4. Animal welfare standards: Sheep must have year-round outdoor access, mulesing (skin removal) is forbidden, and tail docking is limited to the caudal fold only.
5. Land management: Farms cannot exceed the natural carrying capacity of the land, preventing overgrazing.

After production, organic wool must undergo these processing requirements according to GOTS standards.

6. Fiber content: Final products must contain either 95% organic fibers (GOTS Organic label) or a minimum of 70% organic fibers (Made with Organic label).
7. Scouring: Raw wool is cleaned using only hot water and biodegradable detergents, with the same 1.398 kg raw wool yielding 1 kg clean wool ratio as conventional processing.
8. Chemical processing: Only oxygen-based bleaching is permitted (no chlorine), heavy metals and formaldehyde are prohibited, and no synthetic spinning agents or oils can be used.
9. Certification: Third-party organizations verify compliance throughout the entire supply chain from farm to finished product.

The entire process requires annual certification fees and results in higher production costs due to intensive management requirements and a lack of economies of scale.

Why most wool is not organic

Wool, by its nature, is naturally organic. Or at least it should be.

However, the way in which most wool is produced means that, in reality, that is not the case for the following reasons.

• Sheep on non-organic farms are routinely treated with antibiotics to control worms, and organophosphorus dip to treat sheep scab.
• They may be grazed on land that has been treated with chemicals for pest control.
• Once sheared, the wool goes through a process known as scouring, which removes lanolin, grease, and dirt from the fleece. This can Often involve The use of environmentally damaging chemical detergents (including dawn dish soap), or a mixture of water and alkali.
• Next is a process known as carbonizing, in which Further chemicals (including sulphuric acid) are used to remove any grass, seeds, or burr.
• Finally, wool is often blended with toxic and synthetic materials such as petroleum-based foams before it is used in the final product.

Is Organic Wool Environmentally Friendly?

Yes, organically produced wool is much better for the environment.

Unlike traditional wool, which often relies on synthetic pesticides and fertilizers that can harm ecosystems, organic certified wool is produced in a way that is mindful of its environmental footprint.

Soil health and carbon absorption

One of the most significant benefits of organic farming is its positive impact on soil health.

Organic sheep graze on pastures that are managed without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, allowing for natural soil regeneration. This not only enhances soil fertility but also aids in carbon absorption.

Biodegradability

Organic fibers, including wool, are biodegradable. This means they break down naturally when disposed of, reducing landfill waste.

This is in stark contrast to synthetic fibers, which can take hundreds of years to decompose and often release harmful chemicals into the soil and water.

Water usage and chemical runoff

Producing wool the traditional way can be water-intensive, especially during the scouring process, which also often involves the use of harsh chemicals.

Organic agriculture, however, adheres to methods that minimize water usage and prevent chemical runoff, thereby reducing its impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Renewable and sustainable

Wool is a renewable fiber, as sheep produce a new fleece each year.

Organic farmers manage their flocks and pastures in a sustainable manner, ensuring that the production process is in harmony with natural ecosystems.

Is Organic Wool Ethical?

It all depends on your personal ethics, but organic is certainly a far kinder method of producing wool. No wool is vegan, but sheep on organic farms are generally treated far better than those that are not.

Animal welfare

One of the most compelling ethical advantages of organic livestock production is its commitment to animal welfare. Organic sheep are allowed to graze freely in open pastures, providing them with a natural habitat that aligns with their needs.

Unlike in some conventional farming systems, organic sheep are free range and not confined to small spaces or subjected to stressful conditions. They are treated with a preventative approach to health, reducing the need for antibiotics and synthetic treatments.

Humane shearing practices

Organic farmers employ humane methods to shear the sheep, ensuring minimal stress and discomfort for the animals. This is in contrast to some traditional wool cultivation, where shearing can be rushed and stressful for the sheep.

Ethical treatment of workers

Organic farms also prioritize the well-being of the farmers and workers involved in the process. Fair labor practices are more commonly found in organic farming systems, contributing to a more ethical supply chain.

Transparency and traceability

Wool produced according to organic standards comes with a level of transparency that is often missing in traditional wool production.

Certifications like GOTS require that the entire supply chain, from farm to final product, meet strict ethical and environmental standards. This allows consumers to trace the origins of their products, providing an additional layer of ethical assurance.

What Are the Pros and Cons of Organic Wool?

Like any product, organic wool comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. But what are the benefits of organic wool, and what are the drawbacks?

Pros

• Biodegradable - unlike synthetic fibres, raw wool breaks down naturally, reducing its environmental impact.
• Sustainable - sheep produce a new fleece each year, and organic farming practices ensure that this process is sustainable for the long term.
• Supports animal welfare - as discussed in the ethical considerations section, organic farming adheres to high standards of animal welfare, making it a more humane choice.
• Reduces chemical usage - organic wool is produced without the use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or dyes, reducing the risk of chemical runoff and soil contamination.
• Better for your health- the absence of harsh chemicals means that the finished product is less likely to cause allergies or respiratory problems, making it a healthier choice for consumers.

Cons

• Costs more - the stringent standards and ethical practices often make organic wool more expensive than its conventional counterparts.
• Limited availability - while the market for organic textiles is growing, it is still less widely available than regular wool, which may limit your options.
• Requires extra care - woolen fabrics often require specific care to maintain their quality, which could be considered a drawback for those looking for low-maintenance options.

What Products Are Made from Organic Wool?

Organic wool's versatility extends far beyond clothing; its applications are as diverse as they are beneficial. Here's a look at some of the products that can be made from organic wool and the unique advantages they offer.

Adult & baby clothing

From sweaters to trousers, and especially GOTS-certified baby clothes, organic wool clothing offers the benefits of reduced chemical exposure and ethical production methods.

The absence of synthetic dyes and treatments makes these garments less itchy and less likely to irritate the skin, making them a healthier and more comfortable choice for consumers.

Organic rugs, carpets, and upholstery

Wool is naturally resistant to fire and stains, which explains why it's frequently used in home furnishings like Organic wool rugs, carpets, and upholstery. It is seen as a safer and more sustainable option than synthetic materials.

Organic mattresses

One of the most intriguing applications of organic wool is in sleep products like Organic mattresses and baby Wool crib mattresses, where its natural fire-retardant properties mean it can negate the need for chemical flame retardants.

Organic blankets and comforters

Organic wool is used in Eco-friendly blankets And Organic wool comforters because it is warm, hypoallergenic, and resistant to dust mites, which helps create a cleaner and safer sleep environment.

Its moisture-wicking properties also help regulate temperature, providing a more comfortable sleep.

How to Care for Organic Wool Products

Taking proper care of your wool items can extend their lifespan, adding to their sustainability. Here are some tips to help you maintain the quality of your products:

1. Clean gently

Wool fibers are sensitive to temperature changes and agitation, so it's best to hand wash these items in cold water with a mild, organic detergent. I recommend Ethique laundry bars for hand washing. Avoid using bleach or other harsh chemicals that could compromise the integrity of the wool.

2. Air dry

Manufacturers recommend air drying to maintain the shape and quality of your organic wool garments. Lay the items flat on a clean, dry towel and allow them to dry naturally. Avoid direct sunlight, as it can cause the colors to fade.

3. Store correctly

Store your wool items in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. Using natural cedar blocks can help protect the wool from moths without the need for chemical mothballs.

4. Inspect regularly

Regularly inspect woolen fabrics for signs of wear or damage. Small issues can often be repaired easily, preventing the need for replacement and reducing waste.

5. Avoid common allergens

Since organic wool is produced without harsh chemicals, it is less likely to cause allergies. However, it's always a good idea to wash new items before use to remove any residual substances from the manufacturing process.

How to Verify Your Wool Is Organic

In a market flooded with eco-friendly claims, it's crucial to know how to verify the authenticity of organic wool products. Here are some guidelines to help you make an informed purchase:

1. Look for certifications

The most reliable way to ensure you're buying genuine organic wool is to look for certifications like GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard), RWS (Responsible Wool Standard), or the lesser-used International Wool Textile Organization (IWTO) standard. These certifications guarantee that the wool meets strict requirements for environmental and ethical standards.

2. Read labels carefully

Labels can provide a wealth of information. Look for terms like "certified organic," "100% organic," or "organic blend" to get an idea of the product's authenticity. Be cautious of vague terms like "natural" or "eco friendly," as they don't necessarily indicate an organic product.

3. Ask for transparency

Reputable brands and retailers should be able to provide information about their supply chain, from the farms where the wool is sourced to the methods used in production. Don't hesitate to ask for this information if it's not readily available.

4. Check for chemical residues

Organic wool should be free from synthetic pesticides and dyes. If you're particularly sensitive to chemicals, you may want to look for additional testing that confirms the absence of harmful residues.

5. Do your own research

Before making a purchase, it's always a good idea to do some independent research. Look for customer reviews, read up on the brand's sustainability practices, and compare products to make an informed decision.

Our Eco-friendly product reviews Are a great place to start.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much does organic wool cost?

Organic wool fabric typically costs $55-60 per yard, which is more expensive compared to regular wool at $15-70 per yard. The organic premium reflects higher production and certification costs.

Synthetic alternatives cost significantly less: polyester ($3-25/yard), nylon ($6-10/yard), and acrylic ($4-6/yard).

Where can I buy organic wool yarn?

You can buy organic wool yarn online from marketplaces like Amazon or Etsy.

You can also try specialty retailers. WEBS (yarn.com) offers organic yarns with GOTS certification. YarnCountry.com carries organic merino and cotton blends. Loumi Organic Yarn Shop specializes in certified organic yarns by Rosy Green Wool and Garthenor Organics

What is the difference between organic wool and merino wool?

Organic wool is grown on 'Certified Organic' sheep that have not been subject to specified chemicals. Merino wool is simply the wool that comes from the Merino breed of sheep.

Organic wool describes a production method, chemical-free farming, and processing standards. Merino wool describes a sheep breed. Merino sheep produce finer fibers with superior softness.

These categories can overlap. You can buy organic merino wool, which combines Merino breed fiber quality with organic production standards.